PD-1 is involved in immune tolerance by suppressing activated immune cells via interaction with its ligands. Two known ligands of PD-1 are PD-L1 and PD-L2. PD-L1 is a 290 aa transmembrane glycoprotein. PD-L2 (B7DC) may lead to local cytokine production that is beneficial to the tumor cells. PD-L1 and PD-L2 play different roles in the immune regulatory process. PD-L1 inhibits T-cell function in peripheral tissues, whereas PD-L2 suppresses immune T-cell activation in lymphoid organs.
NKG2A Immune Checkpoint Natural killer group protein 2A (NKG2A) is a cell surface receptor and member of the NKG2 family that can form a heterodimer with CD94 on the cell surface, also known as KLRD1, another NK cell-expressed C-type lectin. The non-classical MHC class I molecule HLA-E is the major ligand of NKG2A-CD94. These inhibitory receptors interact with MHC I ligands on target cells, leading to complete inhibition of NK cell granule polarization and cytotoxic granule release prevention.
LAG-3 immune checkpoint plays an important role in T cell proliferation and activation as a negative regulator of these processes. Along with other inhibitory receptors, LAG-3 helps to keep cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in an exhausted state during highly inflammatory environments such as a chronic viral infection. LAG-3 has also been implicated in memory T cell expansion, Treg function, and the activation and maturation of dendritic cells.
As biotherapeutics become more prominent in the drug development space, there is an increasing need for ligand binding assays and biomarker assays to assess therapeutic efficacy. Creative Biolabs provides our honor clients with high-quality immune checkpoint ligand binding assays. Offering experienced insight and seamless execution, our laboratory science team could deliver the data that drives your program from early discovery to the clinic.
Equipped with state-of-the-art facilities and experienced immunology experts, Creative Biolabs has expanded its service capabilities to offer an integrated solution for macrophage-targeted dendrimer drug delivery system development service to facilitate your project success.
Supported by in-house scientists and a first-in-class Macrophage Therapeutics Development Platform, Creative Biolabs is confident in providing an integrated solution for the development of macrophage-targeted liposome drug delivery systems to facilitate your project success.
Creative Biolabs is a global provider with customized, fast, reliable services. Our in-house R&D teams have expertise in providing a wide range of innovative solutions for the development of macrophage-targeted nanoparticle (NP) drug delivery systems, including Macrophage-targeted Nanogel Drug Delivery System Development. Experts at Creative Biolabs are pleased to customize programs to serve specific needs with competitive pricing and high-quality standards.
Macrophages are able to initiate a particular type of inflammatory response via the release of a certain pattern of cytokines. They play a major role as immunoregulatory cells. Creative Biolabs has built a highly experienced team of scientists and quality staff that have a long history in macrophage isolation and culture. Human monocytes, human alveolar, murine peritoneal cavity, murine bone marrow, murine lung, and murine adipose tissues are available for macrophage isolation and culture. Our seasoned scientists are pleased to share our expertise and experience with our global clients and facilitate their meaningful macrophage project development.
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